Hummingbird In Flight

Title

Hummingbird In Flight

Artist

Michele Avanti

Medium

Painting - Mixed Media

Description

Hummingbird In Flight, painting by Michele Avanti

I have yet to photograph one of these fast flying little birds, so I decided to once more paint one. This one was painted digitally. I hope you enjoy him.

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Hummingbirds are New World birds that constitute the family Trochilidae. They are among the smallest of birds, most species measuring in the 7.5�13 cm (3�5 in) range. Indeed, the smallest extant bird species is a hummingbird, the 5-cm bee hummingbird, weighing less than a U.S. zinc penny (about 2.5g).
They are known as hummingbirds because of the humming sound created by their beating wings which flap at high frequencies audible to humans. They hover in mid-air at rapid wing flapping rates, typically around 50 times per second,[1] but possibly as high as 200 times per second, allowing them also to fly at speeds exceeding 15 m/s (54 km/h; 34 mph),[2] backwards or upside down.[3][4]
Hummingbirds have the highest metabolism of any homeothermic animal.[5] To conserve energy when food is scarce, they have the ability to go into a hibernation-like state (torpor) where their metabolic rate is slowed to 1/15th of its normal rate.

A map of the hummingbird family tree -- reconstructed from analysis of 284 of the world's 338 known species -- shows rapid diversification from 22 million years ago.[7] Part of hummingbirds' evolutionary success lies in the formation of nine main clades defining their relationship to nectar-bearing flowering plants, and the birds' continued spread into new geographic areas.[7]
While all hummingbirds depend on flower nectar to fuel their high metabolisms and hovering flight, coordinated changes in flower and bill shape stimulated the formation of new species of both hummingbirds and plants. Due to this exceptional evolutionary pattern, as many as 25 hummingbird species are able to coexist in specific regions because their food needs are the same.[7]
The hummingbird evolutionary tree shows that ancestral hummingbirds splitting from insectivorous swifts (family Apodidae) and treeswifts (family Hemiprocnidae) about 42 million years ago, probably in Eurasia.[7] One key evolutionary factor appears to be an altered taste receptor that enabled hummingbirds to seek nectar.[8] By 22 million years ago, the ancestral species of current hummingbirds became established in South America where environmental conditions stimulated further diversification.[7]
The Andes Mountains appear to be a particularly rich environment for hummingbird evolution (140 hummingbird species live in the Andes today) because diversification occurred simultaneously with mountain eruption over the past 10 million years.[7]
Hummingbirds remain in dynamic diversification inhabiting ecological regions across North America, South America, and the Caribbean, indicating an enlarging evolutionary radiation.

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November 2nd, 2014

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